Turrialba Volcano

An Active Giant and a Natural Treasure in Costa Rica

The Turrialba Volcano is one of the most iconic and active volcanoes in Costa Rica, known for its majestic presence and constant geothermal activity. Located in the Central Valley of the country, near the city of Turrialba in Cartago Province, this volcano is one of the main attractions for nature lovers, ecotourism enthusiasts, and geology aficionados. In addition to its impressive crater and significant role in the geological formation of the country, Turrialba is also famous for its diverse natural environment, including tropical forests and rich biodiversity.

Location and Access

The Turrialba Volcano is located approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) east of San José, the capital of Costa Rica, and about 30 kilometers (19 miles) from the city of Cartago. Its proximity to the capital makes it one of the most accessible volcanoes for tourists. To reach it, visitors can take the road to Turrialba, and then follow the mountain road that leads to the park at the summit of the volcano.

The park and access routes are in good condition, but due to the volcanic activity and terrain conditions, some areas may be restricted for safety reasons, especially during periods of heightened eruptive activity.

History and Geological Formation

The Turrialba Volcano is an active stratovolcano that forms part of the Central Mountain Range of Costa Rica. This volcano is particularly significant because of its ongoing geothermal activity, and its geological formation dates back more than 500,000 years. Turrialba has had multiple eruptions throughout history, but its recent activity intensified starting in 2014, when it began showing signs of more frequent eruptive activity.

With an elevation of 3,340 meters (10,958 feet) above sea level, Turrialba is Costa Rica's third-highest volcano. Its most recent eruptive phase has generated significant interest from scientists and tourists alike due to its visible geothermal behavior, such as gas, ash, and steam emissions from the crater.

Volcanic Activity and the Crater

One of the most fascinating features of Turrialba Volcano is its crater and the geothermal activity observed there. In the crater, fumaroles and emissions of steam and gas can be seen, making it an interesting site for both scientists and tourists. The volcanic activity at Turrialba is primarily fumarolic, meaning that the volcano releases gases and steam without large explosive eruptions. However, small ash bursts can sometimes occur, which may temporarily restrict access to certain tourist routes.

The main crater of Turrialba has a diameter of about 500 meters (1,640 feet) and is quite deep, providing a unique view of the internal geothermal processes. Despite the activity, the volcano remains a popular tourist attraction due to the opportunity to safely observe its volcanic dynamics from nearby viewpoints.

Flora and Fauna of Turrialba Volcano National Park

The park is primarily covered by tropical mountain forests. At higher elevations, cloud forests are common, with trees such as oak, cypress, and species of mosses and lichens. As you descend, the forests become drier, with species like guácimo, poma rosa, and guachipelín. Ferns, bromeliads, and orchids are also common, adding to the area's lush vegetation.

Fauna

Turrialba Volcano and its surroundings are home to a wide variety of wildlife. Among the mammals found in the area are the tapir, puma, jaguarundi, and several species of monkeys such as the howler monkey and the white-faced capuchin monkey. Additionally, various rodents, bats, and armadillos inhabit the park.

Birdwatching is a highlight, as the park is home to more than 200 species of birds, including the colorful toucan, the woodpecker, and various species of trogons and hummingbirds. The park also hosts numerous reptiles and amphibians, such as frogs, green iguanas, and some species of snakes.

Read more about Turrialba Volcano National Park on the SINAC site: Read more

<Back to main page